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backend/Dockerfile

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+# Bach to Basics: backend image
+# Python 3.12 base supports both the core requirements AND the optional
+# Basic Pitch AI dependencies (which don't yet support 3.13).
+
+FROM python:3.12-slim
+
+# System packages: Java for Audiveris (PDF-to-MusicXML), ffmpeg for audio export,
+# poppler-utils for pdf2image. Keep the layer slim; remove apt cache.
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+        default-jre-headless \
+        ffmpeg \
+        poppler-utils \
+        curl \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Install Python deps first so they cache independently of source changes
+COPY requirements.txt ./
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip \
+    && pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+# Source last, small, changes often
+COPY . .
+
+EXPOSE 8000
+
+# Run as a non-root user for safety
+RUN useradd --create-home --uid 1000 app && chown -R app:app /app
+USER app
+
+CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]